Diana Frances Spencer, born July 1, 1961 in Sandringham (Norfolk County) and died on August 31, 1997 in Paris, is a British aristocrat, wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, from July 29, 1981 to August 28, divorced.Diana was one of the most famous women in the world at the end of the 20th century. His emotional distress during the 1980s and 1990s inspired many biographies, photos, newspaper articles and television films. She was also a world emblem of charity, creating a number of associations to defend such causes as the fight against AIDS or the eradication of antipersonnel mines.From her marriage until her divorce, her titles were: Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales and Countess of Chester, Duchess of Cornwall, Duchess of Rothesay, Countess of Carrick, Baroness of Renfrew, Lady of the Islands, Princess of Scotland ; but her official title was Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales. After her divorce in 1996, the Queen granted him the title of "Princess of Wales" courtesy without a predicate. It is, however, better known in France under the name of Lady Diana and even more under the diminutive Lady Di; the press also called her Princess Diana, although this was incorrect, since this title is reserved for princesses of blood.
Descendant of Georgiana Spencer, Duchess of Devonshire; great-grand-niece of Georges Spencer; Diana Frances Spencer is the younger daughter of Edward Spencer (1924 - 1992), Viscount Althorp and her first wife, Frances Burke-Roche (1936-2004). The Viscountess came from a family that had emigrated to America. Her grandmother, Frances Work, born in New York, was a descendant of Charles II of England (in illegitimate descent) and, through him, Henry IV, King of France, Saint Louis and Hugh Capet.In addition, Diana and her friend Sarah Ferguson also had distant relationships, as Sarah was also a descendant of Georgiana Spencer, by her illegitimate daughter, Eliza Courtney. Later, Diana favored Sarah's marriage to Prince Andrew of the United Kingdom, his brother-in-law. This union will also result in a divorce, but, unlike the princes of Wales, the couple will remain on good terms. Diana's parents were also divorced; this hectic separation caused by the vicomtesse's adulterous relationship with the heir of a wallpaper fortune, Peter Shand Kydd, had made the girl the stake of a lawsuit that her mother sued her ex-husband to obtain the custody of Diana and her brother.Third daughter of Viscount Althorp, then thirty-seven years of age, and Viscountess, twelve years her younger, Diana soon experiences a feeling of guilt because she is not a boy, the long-awaited male heir of the couple, especially since in 1960, Lady Spencer had given birth to a boy so fragile that he lived only a few hours2.At the death of his paternal grandfather, Albert Spencer, in 1975, Diana's father became the 8th Earl Spencer, and she became Lady Diana Spencer. The following year, his father, Count Spencer, married Raine McCorquodale, recently divorced from the Earl of Dartmouth, the eldest daughter of novelist Barbara Cartland.Diana studied at Riddlesworth Hall in Norfolk and then at the West Heath Girls' School in Kent. At 16, she studied for a short time at the Alpin Videmanette Institute, an institution for young girls of good family in Rougemont, Switzerland. Pianist, she was also a great athlete, and wanted to be a dancer
Buckingham Palace stated that Diana being the mother of the second and third heirs of the British throne, remained a member of the British royal family.
In 2004, NBC television broadcasted videos where Diana commented on her marriage to the Prince of Wales and gave her version of her attempted suicide. The videos belonged to the princess, but at her death, her butler took possession. After numerous legal proceedings, they were handed over to his singing teacher who had authored it. These videos are not yet available in the UK.
When Prince Charles negotiated his divorce, it was decided that Diana would be withdrawn from her title of Princess of Wales but that she could keep it as a courtesy. She was also able to keep her apartments 8 and 9 at Kensington Palace, which she had occupied since the beginning of her marriage and where she remained until her death. She also continued to use two offices at St. James's Palace
In 1995, Diana started a passionate idyll with Dr. Hasnat Khan, a cardiothoracic surgeon at the Royal Brompton Hospital where she met him on September 1, 1995 when he had just operated one of his old friends . She discovered the joys of anonymity to hide their relationship, wearing wigs, scarves and glasses. In May 1996 and 1997, she went to Pakistan for charity but mostly to meet the doctor's traditionalist family, the "love of her life", that she was thinking of marrying but the Khan refused to have their son marry to a non-Muslim woman. Worse, what Hasnat Khan was afraid of, their romance began to leak in the media, ending their relationship in June 1976.
Diana, who wanted to regain control and take revenge on the royal family, began a relationship with Dodi Al-Fayed, the son of the Egyptian billionaire Mohamed Al-Fayed, who was also taking his revenge since the British citizenship was refused.
But this romance was only a facade, a lure destined to make jealous Hasnat Khan orchestrating for this purpose the publication of the famous photos of her and Dodi in the Gulf of Saint-Tropez. On her own initiative, she performed her various bathing suits, diving from the private jetty of the Al-Fayed family villa, jet skiing with her children, or on their luxury yacht Jonikal.
On August 10, 1997, one of the Sunday Mirror titled The Kiss, showing Dodi and Diana hugging. Although it is highly questionable whether it was a stolen photo, the tabloid later admitted that the photo had been retouched. But Diana, who had become an expert in media manipulation by lending herself to the game of the paparazzi, felt progressively caught in her own trap, conscious perhaps of going too far in the media exposure of her love affairs which she gave to her ex-family, this exhibition touched her children in turn) or tired of this media harassment.
In the late 1980s, the Princess of Wales became known for her support for humanitarian causes such as helping AIDS victims or combating the use of antipersonnel mines. She especially helped the poor children of Africa and was at the side of many personalities like Nelson Mandela, Mother Teresa and the Dalai Lama.
In April 1987, the Princess of Wales was one of the first celebrities to be photographed touching a person with the HIV virus. His contribution to changing public opinion about HIV-positive people was summarized in the words of Bill Clinton in December 2001 in Diana, Princess of Wales. Read on AIDS:
"In 1987, when a large part of the population believed it was possible to contract AIDS through simple contacts, Princess Diana sat on the bed of an AIDS patient and shook her hand. She showed the world that HIV-positive people do not deserve isolation but compassion. These positions have helped to change global opinion, give hope to people living with HIV and save lives. "
Her investment in humanitarianism may be the most high profile of her trip to Angola, when in January 1997 as a VIP volunteer with the Red Cross and Red Crescent, she visited anti-personnel mine survivors, demining projects organized by the British HALO Trust and supported education and awareness programs on the dangers of mines in the immediate environment of houses and villages.
In August of the same year, she went to Bosnia with the Landmine Survivors Network. She paid close attention to the injuries that anti-personnel mines caused well after the end of a conflict, and often to children.
Its influence on the signing of the Treaty for the Prohibition of Antipersonnel Mines, Treaty of Ottawa on December 3, 1997 (shortly after its death) by 122 countries predominated14. In presenting the Landmines Bill to the British House of Commons in 1998, Foreign Minister Robin Cook saluted Diana's contribution in these terms:
"All members of this assembly will be grateful to the Princess of Wales for revealing the human cost of anti-personnel mines. The best way to take into account its action as well as that of the NGOs that have fought against the mines is to vote the bill and thus open the way to the global ban on mines. "
In 1983, Diana Spencer was the "Patron" of the British Association of the Deaf. She learns the British sign language.
The death of Diana was announced at a press conference, held jointly by the doctor of the hospital in charge, Pr Bruno Riou, the Minister of the Interior Jean-Pierre Chevènement, and the ambassador of the United Kingdom in France, Sir Michael Jay.
Later in the morning, Jean-Pierre Chevènement, Prime Minister Lionel Jospin, Bernadette Chirac and the Secretary of State for Health visited the ward where Diana's body was to pay tribute. After these visits, the Anglican Archbishop of France Martin Draper recommended to God the soul of Diana.
At around 2 pm, Prince Charles and Diana's two sisters (Lady Sarah McCorquodale and Lady Jane Fellowes) arrived in Paris for identification and left 90 minutes later.
US emergency medical experts, accustomed to the scoop and run, criticized French relief for their stay and play, claiming that only emergency surgery could have saved her . No one will ever know if she would have really survived, as the transport of a person in shock is dangerous.
The first reports claimed that Diana's car collided with the pillar at over 190 km / h, and that the meter hand remained stuck on that figure. It was then announced that the speed of the car was actually between 95 and 110 km / h, and that the meter had no needle since it was numerical (according to the last investigations, the speed of collision was included between 117 and 152 km / h). The car therefore drove well beyond the legal limit of 50 km / h and much faster than it would have been prudent in the Alma tunnel. In 1999, an investigation by the investigating judge Hervé Stephan entrusted the IRCGN with technical expertise on the debris found on site and concluded that the Mercedes had hit another car (a white Fiat Uno) rolling in the same direction in the tunnel. The driver did not identify himself, and the car was never found.
According to the investigators, the collision was caused by the driver who was drunk and drove too fast, trying to escape the paparazzi. The conclusions of the French survey - Henri Paul was drunk - are based essentially on the analysis of blood samples which established a degree of alcohol three times the legal limit (according to a report by Ambassador Jay of September 1997) 20.24.
On September 4, 1999, the nine photographers and the motorcyclist, charged for "homicides and unintentional injuries" as well as for "
On July 13, 2006, the Italian magazine Chi published photographs (stolen in the record) showing Diana in her last moments26. The black and white photo shows Diana receiving oxygen in the wreck of the car. The photo is taken from Lady Diana: The Criminal Investigation, a book by Jean-Michel Caradec'h27. Despite criticism, the publisher of the magazine defended its decision to publish them.
The families of Dodi Al-Fayed and Henri Paul did not accept the results of the French survey. In front of the Scottish courts, Mohamed Al-Fayed demanded an investigation and appealed when he was refused. Al-Fayed, for his part, remains convinced that the princess and her son were murdered in a conspiracy developed by the SIS and commissioned by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who, according to him, is racist and totally unacceptable the idea that his grandchildren may have Muslim or half-Arab brothers or sisters (Al Fayed has repeatedly stated that Prince Philip controlled the SIS) [ref. necessary]. The car had been stolen previously and especially its electric assistance system disabled. It would have been possible to jam his electronics to disable steering assistance, making this heavy limo very difficult to drive.
Later in 2004, North American television station CBS showed images of the accident in which an intact rear seat was seen as well as the central part of the Mercedes with Diana without external injuries, lying on the ground rear part of the vehicle, its back on the right passenger seat - the right rear door of the car being fully open. These images made a sensation in the United Kingdom and prompted Mohamed Al-Fayed to start another trial.
Rumors and conspiracy theories apart, Diana, Dodi and Paul had not tied their seat belts unlike Rees-Jones, the only survivor. Moreover, the tunnel of the Alma bridge is known to be poorly lit, cars can drive there quickly with insufficient visibility in front of them. The concrete pillars of the median, unprotected at the time, are a risk of collision. After hearing 250 witnesses and tracing the last 48 hours of the couple, the British judicial inquiry ends on April 7, 2008 when the jury of the Royal Court of Justice concluded a reckless homicide of the driver and the paparazzi who were tracking the car of Diana and Dodi al Fayed. The accident "was caused or favored by the speed and behavior of the driver as well as speed
His funeral, celebrated at Westminster Abbey on September 6th, brings together about 3 million people in London and is broadcast on television in many countries.
The Flame of Liberty on the bridge of Alma became a place of tributes dedicated to Diana.
More than a million bouquets were deposited at his London home in Kensington Palace. The public was asked not to bring flowers to the family estate of Althorp because too many people and flowers on the roads endangered public safety.
The punctilious respect of the protocol by the royal family was interpreted by the public as an absence of sensitivity. Buckingham Palace's refusal to hijack the Union Jack caused headlines in the newspapers: "Where is our queen? Where is our flag? The Sun asked. The queen, who had returned from Balmoral to London, accepted a speech on television. At the express request of Downing Street, what had to be a recording became live and the text was reviewed by Alastair Campbell to be "more warm".
The public present at the funeral threw flowers at the passage of the procession throughout its journey. Outside of Westminster Abbey, the crowd cheered the many celebrities inside: singer Sir Elton John (who played a version of his song "Candle in the Wind", rewritten on that occasion) Tom Cruise, Nicole Kidman and Tom Hanks, director Steven Spielberg, British businessman Richard Branson, Queen Noor of Jordan, Hillary Rodham Clinton and Bernadette Chirac. The religious ceremony was broadcast on live and world television. Loudspeakers had been placed outside so that the crowd could hear the unfolding of the galley. The guests applauded the words of Diana's brother, Lord Spencer, who attacked the press sharply and indirectly criticized the royal family for his behavior towards his sister.
In the years following his death, interest in Diana's life remained high. Many collectible manufacturers continued to produce objects in memory of Diana. Some even suggested that it be canonized, which provoked a number of controversies.
The Flame of Liberty in Paris is often used by visitors to pay tribute to Diana. This monument, commemorating the gift of the Statue of Liberty of France to the United States, is above
Diana, Princess of Wales is buried in Althorp (historic home of the Spencer family) in Northamptonshire on an island in the middle of a lake called the Round Oval. A persistent rumor is that visitors can gather at his grave once a year on the anniversary of his death. Only a simple marble urn marking its location on this island not accessible to visitors is visible. They can only go around the lake, drop flowers in front of a memorial dedicated to the princess (a Doric temple) and visit nearby a neo-Palladian-style exhibition hall created by Lord Spencer in six converted stables (The Stable Block ), in which children's letters, humanitarian actions and clothing, including her wedding gown, are presented (33). While the "dianamania" was in full swing in the early years following the death of the Princess of Wales, it had since gone out of steam and these places of pilgrimage were gradually abandoned (The Stable Block closed in 2013).
Spencer family
Diana came third in a vote under the aegis of the BBC in 2002.
In 1986, a Japanese cartoon of 23 mm is dedicated to him telling his life until his entry into the British royal family35.
In 2003, publisher Marvel Comics announced the publication of five volumes titled Di Another Day (referring to the James Bond film, Die Another Day) where Diana, Princess of Wales, is represented as a mutant to super-powers. After a great many protests, the idea was soon abandoned. Heliograph Incorporated produced a futuristic role-playing game on Diana.
On 6 July 2004, a fountain was inaugurated in memory of Princess Diana at Hyde Park in London.
After Diana's death, actor Kevin Costner claimed that he had negotiated the participation of the divorced princess following the film The Bodyguard, which brought together Costner and Whitney Houston. Buckingham Palace categorically denied. necessary]
In 2006, Stephen Frears devoted his film, The Queen to the reactions of Queen Elizabeth II and Prime Minister Tony Blair after Diana's death.
On June 6, 2007, shortly before the 10th anniversary of Diana's death, British television channel Channel 4 broadcast a documentary that was supposed to show unpublished snapshots taken immediately after the accident under the Alma bridge. A spokesman for Princes William and Harry declined to comment on the documentary, simply stating:
Spencer family
Father: Edward Spencer (1924 - 1992), viscount Althorp
Descendant of Georgiana Cavendish Spencer, Duchess of Devonshire
Great-grandniece of Georges Spencer
Mother: Frances Burke-Roche (1936 - 2004)
Great-granddaughter of Frances Work, descendant of Charles II of England (illegitimate) and by him, of Henri IV, king of France, Louis IX of France and Hugues Capet.
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